Cheap Chinese cars are waiting on Detroit's doorstep
Fresh from storming the rest of the world, Chinese car companies have set their sights on breaking into the American market.And nervous US automakers fear it’s just a question of when they’ll succeed.For now, 100% tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles effectively block BYD Co, Geely Automobile Holdings Ltd and Xiomi Corp from selling in the US. But President Donald Trump and his counterpart, Xi Jinping, are expected to discuss lowering those barriers when they meet for their long-planned summit in May.And for all his China-bashing, Trump has already signaled he’s willing to let the country’s car companies in — under his terms. In January, he told the Detroit Economic Club he’d be happy to see Chinese automakers open factories in the US and employ American workers.“We’re getting very close to the proverbial dam breaking,” said Michael Dunne, a former General Motors Co executive in Asia.“The path for the Chinese — the one they’re looking at intensively right now — is the option to manufacture in the US and possibly with an American partner,” said Dunne, who is now an automotive consultant specializing in China. “That is closer than most people would expect.”Auto industry lobbyists and their allies in Congress are urging Trump to keep the companies out. But they’re already on America’s doorstep.BYD alone accounts for 7 out of 10 new electric vehicle sales in Mexico, according to estimates from BloombergNEF. Canadian officials recently inked a deal with China to import 49,000 cars each year. Geely expects Canadian government certification soon to sell its cars there, the top executive of its parent company told Bloomberg last month.And Chrysler parent Stellantis NV is in discussions with Zhejiang Leapmotor Technology Co to build electric vehicles together in Canada, possibly using an idled Stellantis plant in a Toronto suburb.For US companies, the stakes could hardly be higher.China’s automakers have seized market share worldwide with cars that are stylish, loaded with advanced technology and far cheaper than Detroit can match. That’s particularly true of their electric vehicles, which charge faster and cost less than any American competition — some with prices below $10,000. In just the last five years, China leapfrogged every other major auto-producing nation to become the world’s largest exporter, according to consultant AlixPartners. The 7mn vehicles China shipped abroad in 2025 dwarfed Detroit’s 1.3mn exports.BYD and its brethren can also bring new models to market in half the time it takes American car companies, at a fraction of the price. Competing with them at home is a nightmare scenario for the big, legacy US automakers.For startups like Lucid Motors or Slate Auto, the threat could be existential.“Their cost, their quality of their vehicles is far superior to what I see in the West,” said Jim Farley, Ford Motor Co’s chief executive officer, at the Aspen Ideas Festival last year. “We are in a global competition with China, and it’s not just EVs. And if we lose this, we do not have a future at Ford.”Farley has even discussed with the Trump administration letting Chinese and American companies form joint ventures to build cars in the US, so long as the domestic partner owns a majority share. People familiar with the conversation characterized the idea as an informal suggestion — not a firm proposal.The arrival of Chinese cars on US roads, however, is not a foregone conclusion.General Motors, the largest US automaker by revenue, opposes letting in its Chinese rivals, saying the move would cost US companies market share and devastate their North American suppliers. CEO Mary Barra called Canada’s decision to allow some Chinese imports “a very slippery slope.”Auto industry lobbyists last month sent Trump a letter in advance of his planned meeting with Xi, warning that China intends to “dominate” the global auto industry and could decimate American manufacturing.Politicians from car-making states have warned of a threat to US jobs and questioned whether Chinese cars would collect too much sensitive information about American drivers. Indeed, the US Commerce Department last year placed restrictions on smart-car technology from China to prevent surveillance of drivers.US automakers already face a difficult moment. Trump’s trade war has scrambled their supply chains, which for decades have relied on Canada and Mexico. By gutting fuel-economy requirements and electric car incentives, the president has freed the companies to focus on their most profitable models — SUVs and trucks with big, gas-burning engines. But those vehicles don’t sell well outside North America, meaning US automakers risk becoming niche players in the global market if they can’t master EVs.The Chinese automakers have benefited from heavy government subsidies and cheap labor, both of which led President Joe Biden to slap steep tariffs on their cars. But they also boast technology that has, in several key areas, raced ahead of Detroit’s. Analysts give them a substantial edge on batteries — one of the most important and expensive components of an electric car. Many of their vehicles are designed to act as seamless extensions of their owners’ digital lives, with futuristic features like facial recognition to customize the car’s dashboard for each driver.Outside the US, Western automakers have already partnered with the Chinese to learn from — and profit from — their technology.Stellantis spent $1.1bn in 2023 for a 20% stake in Leapmotor, establishing a 51%-49% joint venture to produce and sell affordable electric vehicles outside China. Stellantis is now considering using Leapmotor’s software and EV technology in its European brands, such as Fiat and Peugeot, Bloomberg has reported. Germany’s Volkswagen AG, meanwhile, invested $700mn for a 5% stake in Chinese EV specialist Xpeng Inc in 2023, establishing a joint venture to develop electric vehicles and software.And Ford has held discussions with Geely about sharing manufacturing capacity in Europe, with the US carmaker seeking new global partnerships as it overhauls its electric vehicle strategy.“The big prize is gaining some sort of expertise on software-defined vehicles and other alternative power trains,” said analyst David Whiston with Morningstar Inc “But can you do it without compromising national security?”Chinese companies are growing more vocal about their desire to break into America. In January, Geely showed off some of its Zeekr and Lynk models at the giant CES consumer technology show in Las Vegas, hoping to build buzz for brands most Americans don’t know.“The big question for us is when and where will we go in the USA,” Ash Sutcliffe, Geely’s global communications chief, said in an interview with Autoline Network. “I think we’ll have an announcement on that in the next 24 to 36 months.”Geely, however, already has a foothold in the US, including a factory.The company in 2010 purchased Swedish car brand Volvo Car AB from Ford, and Volvo operates a South Carolina plant that also makes the Polestar line of EVs. To expand in the US, Geely could add production of one of its Chinese models, said Sam Abuelsamid, vice president of research at automotive consultant Telemetry.“That’s a vastly underutilized factory,” said Abuelsamid, who spoke with Geely executives at CES. “I would expect to see Geely start to build other vehicles there — with Zeekr being the most likely one to start with — in the next couple years, probably 2028 at the latest.”In Europe, Volvo said in March it had signed a memorandum of understanding to import and distribute cars from Geely’s Lynk brand, in what could be a template for how Geely could introduce its Chinese brands to the US.America has other idle or underutilized auto plants that Chinese companies could tap, if the government allows them in. But even joint ventures would pose a risk for Detroit, by building awareness of Chinese auto brands among US drivers.“Partnerships with the Chinese have led to the Chinese taking a huge chunk of share in Mexico,” Morningstar’s Whiston said. “It helps consumers get used to the idea of buying a Chinese brand.”For now, US automakers have made clear they see China as their most important competitor. Ford’s Farley, for example, has described his company’s upcoming line of lower-cost EVs — set to debut in 2027 with prices starting at $30,000 — as a response to BYD. He acknowledges, however, that it may not be possible to beat the Chinese automakers on price.“You’ve got to get close on cost, but then you have to apply the innovation,” Farley told reporters last year, at the Kentucky factory that will build Ford’s new EVs. “That’s our bet.”