Iceland became yesterday the first country in Europe to have more women than men in parliament, a day after a general election that saw the left-right coalition win a clear majority.
Of the 63 seats in the Althing parliament, 33 were won by women, or 52%, projections based on the final results showed yesterday.
No other European country has had more than 50% women lawmakers, with Sweden coming closest at 47%, according to data compiled by the World Bank.
Around the world, five other countries currently have parliaments where women hold at least half the seats, according to the Inter-Parliamentary Union: Rwanda (61%), Cuba (53%), Nicaragua (51%), and Mexico and the United Arab Emirates (50%).
Unlike some other countries, Iceland does not have legal quotas on female representation in parliament, though some parties do require a minimum number of candidates be women.
The North Atlantic island of 371,000 people has long been a pioneer in gender equality and women’s rights, and has topped the World Economic Forum (WEF)’s ranking of most egalitarian countries for the past 12 years.
Iceland was the first country to elect a woman as president in 1980.
“I am 85, I’ve waited all my life for women to be in a majority ... I am really happy,” Erdna, a Reykjavik resident, told AFP.
“Iceland is yet again leading the way on gender equality!” the UK ambassador to Iceland, Bryony Mathew, said on Twitter. “Fantastic!”
“This is yet another example of how far we have advanced on the road to full gender equality,” Icelandic President Gudni Johannesson told AFP.
Prime Minister Katrin Jakobsdottir’s left-right coalition won a majority in Saturday’s vote, but the three parties are nonetheless expected to begin negotiations in the coming days to decide whether they will continue to govern together.
The coalition has brought Iceland four years of stability after a decade of political crises, but Jakobsdottir’s Left-Green Movement emerged weakened after losing ground to its right-wing partners, which both posted strong showings.
The Left-Green Movement, the conservative Independence Party and the centre-right Progressive Party together won 37 of 63 seats in parliament, up from the 33 they held before the vote.
However, the Left-Green Movement itself won only eight seats, three fewer than in 2017, raising questions about Jakobsdottir’s future as prime minister.
The largest party remained the Independence Party, whose leader Bjarni Benediktsson – the current finance minister and a former prime minister – has long been eyeing Jakobsdottir’s job.
The party won almost one-quarter of votes, and hung on to its 16 seats.
The election’s big winner was the centre-right Progressive Party, which gained five seats for a total of 13.
After four years of concessions on all sides to keep the peace within the coalition, it is conceivable that the two right-wing parties may want to try to form a government without the Left Greens.
Speaking to private broadcaster Stod 2 yesterday, Jakobsdottir refused to be drawn on the coalition’s future discussions, saying only that her government had received “remarkable” support in the election.
Progressive Party leader Sigurdur Ingi Johannsson and Independence Party leader Benediktsson meanwhile both said yesterday that they were open to discussing a continuation of the coalition, citing voters’ strong support.
Benediktsson told Stod 2 that it is “normal for parties that have worked together for four years and had good personal relations” to try to continue together.
However, he told public broadcaster RUV that he was not sure they would succeed.
Benediktsson also said that he would “not demand” the post of prime minister, preferring a “solution-oriented” approach.
The unusual coalition mixing left and right came about after the 2017 elections, in a bid to bring stability after years of political upheaval.
Deep public distrust of politicians amid repeated scandals sent Icelanders to the polls five times from 2007 to 2017.
This is only the second time since 2008 that a government has made it to the end of its four-year mandate on the sprawling island, and the first time since 2003 that a government has retained its majority.
Broadly popular during her four-year term, Jakobsdottir has introduced a progressive income tax system, increased the social housing budget and extended parental leave for both parents.
She has also been hailed for her handling of the coronavirus (Covid-19) crisis, with just 33 deaths in the country.