Life came to a standstill in most of India-administered Kashmir as a strike and security restrictions took hold a day after 20 people died in clashes between militants and security forces.
Four civilians were killed when police opened fire on stone-throwing mobs protesting anti-militancy operations in the southern Kashmir region on Sunday.
Three soldiers and 13 militants died in three gun battles.
It was the volatile region's worst loss of life in a single day in years, officials said.
Markets and business were closed in most parts of the state, including in Shopian, the epicentre of the violence, as well as state capital Srinagar in response to the shutdown call by separatist leaders to protest the killings.
Curfew-like restrictions were in place in Srinagar, Shopian and other affected towns like Pulwama and Kulgam where additional troops were deployed and barricades and barbed wire placed to prevent protests.
Authorities ordered the closure of schools and colleges on Monday in light of the tensions. They also suspended mobile internet services to make it harder to organise protests.
Anti-Indian sentiment runs deep in Muslim-majority Kashmir, where a violent secessionist movement against New Delhi's rule has flourished.
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